Kisspeptin-10

Kisspeptin-10 is a synthetic decapeptide corresponding to residues 45 to 54 of human kisspeptin, the KISS1 gene product. Its sequence is Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe with a C-terminal amide, giving the molecular formula C63H83N17O14 and a molecular weight of 1302.4 g/mol. PubChem catalogues it as CID 25240297 under CAS number 374675-21-5. The terminal Arg-Phe-NH2 places it in the RFamide peptide family. It is the shortest KISS1 fragment reported to retain full receptor activity in vitro, making it the standard laboratory ligand over the 54-residue form. Material is supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) solid, commonly as an acetate or trifluoroacetate salt.

In the laboratory Kisspeptin-10 serves as a reference agonist for KISS1R, the G protein-coupled receptor formerly designated GPR54 and AXOR12. It appears in receptor pharmacology, radioligand binding and animal-model neuroendocrine work on hypothalamic signalling. Naming is inconsistent: the same molecule is listed as KP-10, metastin 45-54 and kisspeptin-13 (4-13), and species variants exist, so searches are checked against the sequence. Identity figures above should be reconciled against the Certificate of Analysis for the lot in hand. Kisspeptin-10 is sold for research use only and is not for human or veterinary use.

KISS1 was identified in 1996 as a metastasis-suppressor gene in cultured melanoma cells. Its peptide product was characterised in 2001, when three groups independently reported it as the endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor GPR54.

Ohtaki and colleagues described a 54-residue peptide they named metastin and located the receptor-activating region at its C-terminus (PubMed 11385580). Kotani and colleagues named the family kisspeptins and identified the 10-residue fragment as fully active in vitro (PubMed 11457843). Neuroendocrine work followed: Gottsch and colleagues studied kisspeptin in mice for its effect on gonadotropin secretion (PubMed 15217982), and Messager and colleagues examined action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in rodent tissue (PubMed 15665093).

Receptor-level evidence is well developed and reproducible, and the animal literature spans rodent and ovine models. Human investigation of this axis sits outside this entry, which keeps to receptor biology and animal-model findings.

Published work describes Kisspeptin-10 as a high-affinity agonist at KISS1R, a class A G protein-coupled receptor signalling through Gq/11, phospholipase C, inositol phosphate accumulation and intracellular calcium mobilisation (PubMed 11457843). The C-terminal RF-amide motif is required for binding in these assays.

KISS1R is unrelated to the melanocortin receptors addressed by PT-141 and the Melanotan analogs, and to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor addressed by Ipamorelin. Catalog groupings of neuroendocrine peptides do not imply a shared target. Kisspeptin-10 is also distinct from kisspeptin-54, which clears differently in animal studies.

Comparisons need care. Reported potency depends on the expression system, the receptor ortholog and the assay readout. Research quantities and conditions are defined in the methodology of each cited study.

Sealed lyophilized Kisspeptin-10 is held frozen at -20°C, shielded from light, in its original container. Lyophilized peptides are hygroscopic, so a container reaches ambient temperature before opening. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles are avoided.

Tryptophan at position 3 is the most light- and oxidation-sensitive residue here. Stability for a lot is documented on its Certificate of Analysis, not stated as a duration.

Reconstitution means returning a lyophilized compound to solution. This entry gives no preparation procedure: solvent, concentration and handling steps belong to a protocol, not to a compound description. Kisspeptin-10 carries an arginine guanidinium group and two hydroxyl side chains and is handled as aqueous-soluble material, though its three aromatic residues add hydrophobic character.

Lyophilized material takes up atmospheric moisture, degrading gravimetric accuracy. Water content, counter-ion identity and solubility figures appear on the lot Certificate of Analysis; conditions come from each study’s methodology.

Identity and purity of research-grade Kisspeptin-10 are established analytically, typically by reverse-phase HPLC with mass spectrometric confirmation. Verified purity is documented per lot on the Certificate of Analysis. The analytical questions that matter most are C-terminal amidation completeness, asparagine deamidation and tryptophan oxidation, all mass-changing without altering chain length.

Suppliers vary more in salt form and net peptide content than in sequence fidelity, and residual trifluoroacetate is a reported assay confound. Species ortholog warrants confirming, since murine sequences differ from the human decapeptide.

Kisspeptin-10 is catalogued alongside these compounds in this encyclopedia.

• PT-141.
  Melanocortin agonist studied in neuroendocrine research, at a different receptor family.
• Oxytocin.
  Hypothalamic nonapeptide, a separate receptor system (entry forthcoming).
• Melanotan-2.
  Melanocortin analog, the parent structure of PT-141.
• Sermorelin.
  Hypothalamic releasing-factor fragment studied in pituitary signalling.

Ohtaki T, Shintani Y, Honda S, et al. (2001). Metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes peptide ligand of a G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature.
PubMed 11385580

Muir AI, Chamberlain L, Elshourbagy NA, et al. (2001). AXOR12, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor, activated by the peptide KiSS-1. J Biol Chem.
PubMed 11387329

Kotani M, Detheux M, Vandenbogaerde A, et al. (2001). The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J Biol Chem.
PubMed 11457843

Gottsch ML, Cunningham MJ, Smith JT, et al. (2004). A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology.
PubMed 15217982

Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, Ma D, et al. (2005). Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
PubMed 15665093

Kisspeptin-10 is stocked here in one format: sealed single-compound lyophilized vials from three supplier brands. Vials are the only listed format. Listed fills are 10mg, and one brand lists both 5mg and 10mg. Per-vial strengths are product specifications only. Each lot is batch tested with a published Certificate of Analysis documenting verified purity for that lot.

• Browse all Kisspeptin-10 research products
• Verified Peptides Kisspeptin, 10mg lyophilized vial
• NuLumin KissPeptin, 5mg and 10mg lyophilized vial
• Real Peptides Kisspeptin-10, 10mg lyophilized vial
• Collections: Research Vials. Documentation: COA and Lab Testing.

These products are sold for Research Use Only and are not intended for human consumption.